Feedstocks
Coal
Petroleum
Shale
Gilsonite
Biomass tars
Intermediates
Coal tar pitch
Petroleum pitch
Air blown pitch
Distilled residues
Analysis
Carbon residue/coking index (TGA)
Softening point (Mettler Toledo)
Rheology (dynamic shear rheometer)
Optical microscopy (transmitted, reflected, cross polarized and fluorescence)
Scanning electron microscopy
Atomic force microscopy
X-ray diffraction
Ash content (TGA)
Solubility (heptane, toluene, dichloromethane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, quinoline, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.)
Development
Coal pyrolysis
Petroleum pyrolysis/coking
Petroleum bottoms to pitch
Deasphalting
Air blowing
Distillation